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The first part of this section treats alwn conditions in the North and the second part of the section treats conditions in the South. LAWNS FOR THE NORTH Preparation of Lawn Areas. The key to success in securing a good lawn is thorough preparation of the area before seeding. Failures are almost invariably due to poor preparation rather than to poor seed. Grading should be finished with a view to seeding either in the early fall or spring. Prepare the soil thoroughly, for the permanenceof the sod rests entirely on this initial outlay. The soil should be deep and porous to produce deep rooting of the turf, which means success in combating winter-killing and drought. For the ideal lawn the ground must be prepared to a depth of one foot; but eighteen inches is preferable. If the area is large enough it should be plowed; otherwise spading must be resorted to. When the soil is naturally good and there is ample topsoil (six inches to eight inches) deep plowing without subsoil-ing is sufficient. In heavy soils the clay subsoil should be broken up but not brought to the surface. After plowing, if the area is large enough to permit the use of a team, the soil should be worked fine by harrowing. Follow this operation by levelling with shovels and hoes, and finally with rakes. The top layer of soil should be made very fine to induce quick germination of seed and permanency of sod.
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