PLANTING AND TRANSPLANTING : Page 63

generally considered dormant when the flow of sap has ceased in thetop, at which time the season's growth is completed, and when thewood has had an ample opportunity to ripen and harden. Deciduousplants are dormant when the leaves have fallen or turned brown.Transplanting before the wood is thoroughly ripened is one of thesources of winter-killing. It will be noted under group No. 40-Aand 40-B (on Page 289) that there are certain types of stock whichshould be transplanted in the spring and others which should betransplanted in the fall to secure the best results. The explanationis contained in Chapter XL. Evergreens require different rules fortime of moving and must therefore be considered separately (SeePage 48). It is practicable to transplant small trees, manyevergreens and many shrubs, together with perennials, before theyhave finished their growing season or after growth in the spring has wellbegun; but this should rarely if ever be attempted with large trees.In such out-of-season handling of the stock extreme caution should beused to prevent drying out, and the plant should be moved, if possible,with the earth balled about the roots.