PLANTING AND TRANSPLANTING: Page 56

harrow or cultivator can pass, the maintenance work becomes a ques-tion of hand work instead of team work. Transplanting Shrubs Efficiently. In transplanting shrubberythe stock should be left out of the ground as short a time as possible.A crew of two or three men under one competent planting foreman is asmany as can be operated to good advantage in planting shrubbery andperennials according to some definite plan, unless the men are thor-oughly familiar with methods of planting, and the required loca-tion for the plants. Transplanting Vines. The transplanting of vines is similar totransplanting shrubs. Vines are very often planted too close to foun-dation walls. Care must be taken not to set plants against a wall,but rather three or four inches away. All foreign material, such aslime, bricks, etc., should be removed from the ground to a depth of atleast twelve inches, and the vines placed in excellent, fine soil. Vinesshould not be planted against walls or buildings where the overhangof the eaves or other features of the building will deprive them of thenormal amount of rain; otherwise great care must be exercised inartificial watering. Transplanting Perennials. The season for transplanting peren-nials is not quite as definite as the season for transplanting trees andshrubs. Under normal conditions of cloudy days and good mulch-ing protection to prevent later evaporation perennials can be trans-planted during their growing period, except when they are nearingtheir maximum of growth and blooming condition. It is preferable,however, to transplant perennials as soon as their maximum growth iscompleted for the season, and at the time when the newly transplantedmaterial can obtain a slight root growth in its new location beforewinter conditions commence. There are some types of perennials, asindicated in group No. XL-A, Page 289, which should be transplantedin the fall, and others which should be transplanted in the spring.For most perennial stock, however, there is no difference between fallplanting and spring planting, provided the proper time is selected ateither season. The principal objection to transplanting perennials inthe fall is that in heavy clay soils and in the colder climates the plants,if not carefully mulched during the winter months, are apt to beheaved from their new locations by freezing and thawing. Per-