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Broken and diseased limbs must always be removed, and secondarygrowth and suckers cut, to open the centre of the tree to the sun andair. When limbs are pruned they should be cut back to a bud that willgrow outward. When larger branches are entirely removed, the cut shouldbe made at the base of the branch and parallel to the tree trunk.No stump at all should be left, and care should first be taken to under-cut amply on all heavy limbs so that when the cut on the upper side iscompleted the branch will not split the bark from the trunk. Allother cuts, such as removing portions of branches, should be madeperpendicular to the axis of the branch which is being shortened. Thecut should always be clean, with no ragged edges left (See Plate V). |
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